1Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China 2Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China 3Institute of Ginkgo, Pizhou, Jiangsu 221300, China 4State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000 Shandong, China 5Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China *Corresponding author. E-mail: aliu@icmm.ac.cn